Penology in Morocco
Penology in Morocco has undergone significant reforms in recent decades, focusing on rehabilitation, education, and alternatives to incarceration. Here's an overview of the current state of penology in Morocco:
🏛️ Legal and Institutional Reforms
Since the enactment of Law No. 23-98 in 1999, Morocco has emphasized the fundamental rights of prisoners. This was further reinforced by the establishment of the Mohammed VI Foundation for the Reinsertion of Prisoners in 2002 and the General Delegation for Prison Administration and Reintegration (DGAPR) in 2008. These institutions have spearheaded efforts to transform prisons from mere detention centers to environments conducive to rehabilitation and reintegration .(Moja Africa, TEXT)
📚 Education and Vocational Training
Education plays a pivotal role in Morocco's penitentiary reform. Over 50,000 inmates have benefited from various educational programs, with more than 5,000 obtaining certificates of completion. The number of university enrollees has increased from 140 in 1999 to 938 in 2019, marking a 570% rise. Additionally, vocational training centers have been established to equip inmates with skills for post-release employment .(Moja Africa, TEXT)
🏠 Alternative Sentences and Decriminalization Efforts
To alleviate prison overcrowding, Moroccan authorities are exploring alternative sentencing options such as electronic monitoring and house arrest. In 2020, over 40% of prisoners were sentenced to less than two years, contributing significantly to overcrowding. The government aims to integrate these alternatives into the criminal code to enhance rehabilitation efforts .(HESPRESS English - Morocco News)
Furthermore, there is a growing movement to decriminalize drug use, which remains a major contributor to prison populations. The current law, dating back to 1974, imposes imprisonment for drug use, leading to high incarceration rates. Advocates argue that decriminalization would allow for better support and rehabilitation of users .(Avocats Sans Frontières)
⚖️ Overcrowding and Infrastructure Challenges
Despite efforts to expand capacity, Moroccan prisons remain overcrowded, with an occupancy rate of 159% as of 2023. In that year, 5,212 additional beds were added, bringing the total capacity to 64,649. However, the average living space per inmate is still below international standards, and many facilities are in need of modernization .(Walaw, Hibapress)
🧠 Human Rights and Political Concerns
While Morocco has made strides in penitentiary reform, human rights organizations continue to raise concerns about the treatment of prisoners, particularly political detainees and journalists. Notably, in 2024, King Mohammed VI pardoned several journalists, including Taoufik Bouachrine, Omar Radi, and Soulaimane Raissouni, who had been imprisoned on charges widely regarded as politically motivated. This move was seen as an attempt to address international criticism regarding press freedoms .(Latest news & breaking headlines, AP News)
📌 Conclusion
Morocco's penological system has evolved to emphasize rehabilitation, education, and alternatives to incarceration. While challenges such as overcrowding and human rights concerns persist, ongoing reforms indicate a commitment to improving conditions and promoting the reintegration of prisoners into society.
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