Section 183 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023
📝 Summary of Section 183 (BNS), 2023
Section 183 deals with the offence of giving or fabricating false evidence in judicial proceedings.
🔍 Detailed Explanation
What does Section 183 prohibit?
Fabricating false evidence: Creating or planting false documents, objects, or materials with the intent to mislead a court or authority.
Giving false evidence: Making a false statement or testimony in a court or legal proceeding.
Key points:
Who can be punished?
Any person who intentionally fabricates false evidence to deceive a judicial proceeding.
Any person who knowingly gives false evidence in any stage of a legal process.
Intent and knowledge:
The act must be done knowingly and intentionally with the purpose of misleading the court.
Scope of the offence:
Applies during judicial proceedings — including trials, inquiries, investigations, or any official legal process.
Object of offence:
To preserve the integrity of justice by ensuring that evidence presented is truthful and reliable.
🔢 Punishment under Section 183
The punishment varies depending on the seriousness of the false evidence and the related offence.
Generally, the offender can be punished with imprisonment, which can extend up to 7 years, along with a fine.
The exact punishment depends on the circumstances and gravity of the fabricated or false evidence.
📚 Purpose of Section 183
To deter people from tampering with evidence or lying in court.
To maintain faith in the judicial process.
To ensure that justice is not obstructed by false testimony or fake documents.
🧠 Example
Person A plants forged documents to falsely claim ownership of property during a court case.
Person B knowingly testifies falsely in a criminal trial to protect the accused.
Both can be prosecuted under Section 183 for fabricating and giving false evidence respectively.
⚠️ Summary
Section 183 punishes anyone who fabricates or gives false evidence in judicial proceedings.
Intent to deceive the court is essential.
It upholds the truthfulness and integrity of legal evidence.
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