CrPC Section 190
**Section 190 of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC), India** deals with the **cognizance of offences by Magistrates**.
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### **Section 190 CrPC: Cognizance of offences by Magistrates**
* A Magistrate **may take cognizance** of an offence:
1. **Upon receiving a complaint of facts** which show that an offence has been committed.
2. **Upon a police report** of a case committed to them or made directly to the Magistrate.
3. **Upon information received from any person** other than a police officer.
4. **Upon their own knowledge** that an offence has been committed.
* The Magistrate may then proceed according to the provisions of the CrPC.
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### **Key points:**
* It establishes how a Magistrate first **gets jurisdiction** over a criminal case.
* Cognizance is the formal recognition by the Magistrate that a case exists and can be tried.
* This can happen via complaint, police report, or independent knowledge.
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