IPC Section 463
IPC Section 463 – Forgery
Section 463 IPC defines what constitutes forgery under Indian law. It explains what acts amount to forgery.
Key Points:
Definition of Forgery
Forgery is the act of making a false document with intent to cause damage or injury, or knowing it to be likely to cause damage or injury.
What amounts to making a document?
Forgery can involve:
Creating a false document from scratch
Altering an existing genuine document
Imitating a signature or seal
Fraudulently using a document
Intent is crucial
The person must act with the intention to deceive or cause wrongful loss or damage.
Mere mistakes or accidental changes do not amount to forgery.
Documents covered
Public documents (government-issued certificates, records)
Private documents (contracts, agreements, letters)
Accounts or records affecting legal or financial rights
Examples of Forgery (under Sec. 463 IPC)
Altering a bank cheque to change the amount or payee.
Imitating someone’s signature on a property deed to transfer property fraudulently.
Creating a fake certificate of education to secure a job.
Relationship with other Sections
Section 464 IPC → Deals with making a false document with intent to commit forgery.
Section 465 IPC → Provides punishment for forgery.
Section 479 IPC → Specifically deals with falsification of accounts or records.
So, Section 463 defines the act of forgery itself, while other sections cover making false documents, using them, and punishment.
Conclusion
Section 463 IPC lays down the definition of forgery, covering acts like:
Falsely making or altering documents
Imitating signatures or seals
Doing so with intent to deceive or cause damage
It forms the foundation for prosecuting forgery-related offences under IPC.
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