Section 256 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023
Here’s a clear and well-supported breakdown of Section 256 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, under Chapter XIV – False Evidence and Offences Against Public Justice:
🏛️ Section 256 – Public Servant Framing Incorrect Record
🔍 Offence
A public servant, when preparing any record or official writing, knowingly frames it incorrectly—with intent to:
Cause loss or injury to the public or any individual,
Protect someone from legal punishment, or
Save property from legal forfeiture or charge.
⚖️ Punishment
Imprisonment (simple or rigorous) for up to 3 years,
Fine,
Or both.
📌 Core Elements
Role: Only a public servant entrusted with record-keeping or documentation.
Intent: There must be an intention to harm, shield someone from punishment, or protect property from legal action.
Knowledge: The public servant must be aware the record is false.
📋 Summary Table
| Element | Details |
|---|---|
| Who is liable | A public servant tasked with writing or record preparation |
| Conduct | Knowingly framing incorrect record with malicious or protective intent |
| Purpose | To harm, save someone from punishment, or protect property |
| Penalty | Up to 3 years’ imprisonment, fine, or both |
📚 Context & Comparison
Chapter XIV addresses various offences in the sphere of wrongful judicial interference—like false evidence, obstruction, concealment, and judicial bribery.
Adjacency:
Section 255 penalizes public servants who disobey legal directions to protect individuals or property.
Section 257 covers corrupt reporting in judicial proceedings
Thus, Section 256 fills the gap by addressing deliberate falsification of official records by a public servant.
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