IPC Section 191
🔹 Section 191 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC)
Title: Giving false evidence
📜 Text Summary:
Section 191 defines what constitutes giving false evidence under Indian law.
A person is said to give false evidence if:
They make a false statement,
Under oath or legally bound to speak the truth,
In any stage of a judicial proceeding or before any public servant or authority legally competent to take such evidence,
And they know or believe the statement to be false, or do not believe it to be true.
✅ Key Ingredients:
The person is legally bound to tell the truth (such as in court, affidavit, or sworn statement).
The statement is false.
The person knows it is false or doesn’t believe it to be true.
The statement is made in a judicial or legally authorized proceeding.
🧠 Example:
If a witness knowingly lies under oath during a trial, saying someone was not at the scene of a crime when they were, that is giving false evidence under Section 191 IPC.
🔄 Related Sections:
Section 193 IPC – Punishment for giving false evidence.
Section 181 IPC – False statement on oath to a public servant.
Section 192 IPC – Fabricating false evidence.
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