IPC Section 101
IPC Section 101: Concept of “Criminal Conspiracy” – Abetment by Two or More Persons
Actually, Section 101 specifically deals with the “Abetment of a Crime by Several Persons” and is closely linked with Sections 107–114. Here’s the explanation:
Text of Section 101 (simplified understanding):
"When a crime is abetted by two or more persons, each of them is considered to have abetted the crime, whether they did it in the same way or in different ways, as long as their actions contributed to the commission of the crime."
Explanation:
Abetment by several persons:
When a criminal act is helped, encouraged, or planned by multiple people, each person is held responsible under the law.
It doesn’t matter if they helped in different ways.
Contribution can be different:
One person may instigate, another may provide tools, and another may help in planning.
Even though their methods are different, all are considered abettors.
Intention matters:
Every abettor must have the intention to facilitate the crime.
Mere accidental involvement does not count as abetment.
Example:
A wants to commit theft.
B encourages A (instigation).
C gives A the key to the shop (aid).
D plans the timing and approach (conspiracy).
Even though A, B, C, and D did different things:
B, C, and D are all abettors of the theft.
The law treats them as equally responsible for abetment under Section 101.
Key Points:
Multiple abettors can exist for the same crime.
Each abettor’s role can be different.
Punishment for each abettor is generally the same as the punishment for the main offense.
In short, Section 101 ensures that when a crime is abetted by more than one person, everyone involved is equally liable, regardless of how they contributed.
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