IPC Section 499
Here is a detailed explanation of IPC Section 499:
IPC Section 499 — Defamation
What it says:
Whoever, by words (spoken or written), signs, or visible representations, makes or publishes anything intended to harm, or knowing it will harm, the reputation of a person, is said to commit defamation.
Key Elements of Defamation under IPC:
Imputation must be made — spoken, written, signs, or visible means.
It must concern a person — directly or indirectly referring to someone.
There must be intent or knowledge that it will harm the person's reputation.
The imputation must lower the moral or intellectual character, or damage the person's credit, reputation, or respect in society.
Punishment (Section 500):
Simple imprisonment up to 2 years, or
Fine, or
Both
Exceptions to Defamation (also in Section 499):
There are 10 exceptions under which a statement is not considered defamation, including:
Truth made for public good.
Fair criticism of public servants.
Fair comments on public conduct.
Reports of court proceedings.
Censure by a lawful authority.
Example:
Writing in a newspaper that a teacher is a fraud without proof and with the intent to ruin their career may amount to defamation.
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