Penology in Brunei
Penology in Brunei is characterized by a strict legal framework that incorporates both civil and Islamic (Sharia) law. The penal system emphasizes deterrence and retribution over rehabilitation, with severe punishments for various offenses. Here's an overview of the key aspects:
⚖️ Legal Framework
Sharia Penal Code (2013): Enacted in 2019, this code introduced severe punishments for offenses such as adultery, homosexuality, theft, and apostasy. Penalties include stoning to death, amputation of limbs, and public flogging .
Civil Penal Code: Operates alongside Sharia law, addressing crimes not covered by the latter. It includes provisions for imprisonment, fines, and other penalties.
🏢 Prisons and Correctional Facilities
Prison System: Brunei has two main prisons with a combined capacity of approximately 260 inmates. These facilities provide basic healthcare services, including access to general practitioners and nurses. Inmates with mental disorders are typically housed in single-occupancy cells and receive psychiatric care within the prison system .
Rehabilitation Programs: The Prisons Department offers vocational training, spiritual guidance, and counseling sessions to inmates. These programs aim to equip prisoners with skills for reintegration into society and to promote a positive mindset .
🔒 Punishments and Human Rights Concerns
Severe Penalties: The Sharia Penal Code imposes harsh punishments such as death by stoning for adultery and homosexuality, amputation for theft, and flogging for abortion. These measures have drawn widespread international criticism for violating human rights standards .
International Reactions: Organizations like the United Nations and Human Rights Watch have condemned the new penal code, urging Brunei to repeal or amend the laws to align with international human rights norms .
🧠 Mental Health and Treatment
Mental Health Care: The establishment of an in-reach prison psychiatric clinic has improved the delivery of psychiatric care within the prison setting. However, treatment options remain limited due to the absence of psychology, occupational therapy, or social work services .
🧭 Outlook
Brunei's penal system is marked by a dual legal framework that enforces severe punishments for various offenses. While there are efforts to provide rehabilitation and mental health care within prisons, the emphasis remains on deterrence and retribution. The international community continues to monitor and respond to Brunei's legal practices, particularly concerning human rights issues.
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