IPC Section 228
IPC Section 228 — Intentional insult with intent to provoke breach of the peace
📜 Text of Section 228 IPC (Simplified)
"Whoever intentionally offers any insult to any person knowing that such insult is likely to provoke a breach of the peace, or having provoked a breach of the peace, intentionally gives any provocation to any person intending or knowing it to be likely that such provocation will cause him to break the public peace, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both."
🔍 Key Elements of Section 228 IPC
Intentional insult or provocation
The person must intentionally insult or provocate another.
Knowledge or likelihood
The offender knows or it is likely that the insult or provocation will lead to a breach of the peace.
Result
The insult or provocation actually causes or is likely to cause a breach of the peace — disturbance of public tranquility or peace.
⚖️ Punishment
Imprisonment (simple or rigorous) for up to 2 years OR
Fine OR
Both
🧠 Purpose of Section 228
To prevent deliberate acts that incite violence or disturbance in society.
To maintain public order and peace by penalizing provocative and insulting behavior.
To discourage individuals from instigating conflict knowingly or recklessly.
📝 Illustration
A person insults another in public with words or gestures intending to provoke a fight.
Someone knowingly taunts a group, likely causing a riot or disturbance.
This intentional insult or provocation leading to unrest can be punished under Section 228.
🔗 Related Sections
| Section | Description |
|---|---|
| Section 504 IPC | Intentional insult with intent to provoke breach of peace (similar offense but punishments differ) |
| Section 505 IPC | Statements conducing to public mischief |
| Section 147 IPC | Rioting |
✅ Summary
| Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
| Offense | Intentional insult/provocation likely to cause breach of peace |
| Mens Rea | Knowledge or intent to provoke breach of peace |
| Punishment | Up to 2 years imprisonment, fine, or both |
| Objective | Maintain public peace and prevent provocation |
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