Section 231 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, (BSA), 2023
📘 Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 – Overview
The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA), 2023, is the new law that replaces the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, as part of a broader legal overhaul that also includes the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (replacing the IPC) and Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (replacing CrPC). It was passed by the Indian Parliament in 2023 and came into effect in 2024.
This Act governs what counts as legal evidence in criminal and civil cases.
It defines how evidence must be presented, what can be considered admissible, and the principles of burden of proof, relevance, and admissibility.
📌 Clarification: Section 231 of the BSA, 2023
After thoroughly checking the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, including official sources and government publications:
👉 There is no Section 231 in the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023.
The total number of sections in the Act is 170. The final section is Section 170 – Repeal and Savings. Therefore, Section 231 does not exist in the current version of the BSA.
If you were referring to a section in another act, such as:
The Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC) — where Section 231 relates to evidence for prosecution in warrant cases.
Or possibly another legal document that has been replaced or renumbered.
Let me know if you meant Section 231 of another law, and I’ll help explain it.
📚 How to Read the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023
You can access the official, government-published version here:
🔗 India Code Website – BSA, 2023
It contains all 170 sections and schedules, and you can search by keyword or browse by section.
✅ Summary
The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, replaces the old Indian Evidence Act.
It contains 170 sections; Section 231 does not exist.
If you were referring to another act (like CrPC), please clarify, and I’ll explain that section in detail.
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