Section 14 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, (BSA), 2023
Section 14 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA), 2023: Overview
Section 14 deals with the concept of "Closely Connected Facts" in the context of evidence law.
What does Section 14 state?
This section allows a court to admit facts as evidence which may not be directly relevant by themselves but are closely connected or linked to another fact that is relevant to the case.
Purpose of Section 14
The primary purpose is to broaden the scope of admissible evidence by including facts that help provide a clearer and more complete understanding of the events or circumstances surrounding the matter at hand.
It recognizes that sometimes, facts which seem indirect or unrelated initially, actually contribute significantly to establishing the truth when viewed in connection with other facts.
This helps the court appreciate the entire picture rather than isolated facts.
How it works practically?
Suppose there is a criminal case where the prosecution needs to prove that a suspect was present at a crime scene.
If there is evidence of suspicious activity around the suspect (for example, someone seen nearby handling a weapon), even if that particular activity is not a crime itself or directly part of the crime, it can be admitted to help establish a connection.
These facts, though indirectly related, are considered closely connected to the main fact (the suspect’s presence and possible involvement), and thus help in understanding the whole situation.
Legal significance
Traditionally, evidence law was very strict about relevance; only facts directly related to the issue could be admitted.
Section 14 introduces flexibility, allowing courts to consider a wider set of facts that contribute contextually.
This provision helps avoid a narrow view and reduces the risk of excluding important facts that assist in justice.
Context of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023
The BSA, 2023, is a modernized and comprehensive legislation passed by the Indian Parliament to replace the Indian Evidence Act, 1872.
It aims to streamline the rules of evidence, make them more transparent, and enhance judicial efficiency.
Section 14 fits within this framework by allowing courts to take a more holistic approach to evidence.
Summary
Section 14 allows facts that are not directly relevant but are closely connected to a relevant fact to be admitted as evidence.
It enables courts to understand the full context, ensuring justice is served by looking beyond isolated facts.
This section reflects a modern, flexible approach to evidence in Indian law under the BSA, 2023.
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