Penology in Jordan
Penology in Jordan has evolved over recent years, shifting from a punitive approach to one emphasizing rehabilitation and reintegration. While significant strides have been made in reforming correctional practices, challenges such as overcrowding, limited post-release support, and concerns about accountability persist.
🏛️ Institutional Framework
Jordan's correctional facilities operate under the Public Security Directorate's Rehabilitation and Correction Centers Department. The 2001 Law No. 40, later amended in 2004, established a legal framework prioritizing rehabilitation over punishment. Modern centers are equipped with vocational workshops and provide cultural, health, and educational services to inmates .(PSD)
🔄 Rehabilitation and Education
Vocational Training
In 2024, the Swaqa Correctional and Rehabilitation Centre inaugurated a fully licensed vocational training center accredited by the Vocational and Technical Skills Development Commission. The center offers courses in carpentry, interior design, metalwork, vehicle maintenance, agriculture, food processing, handicrafts, and hairdressing. These programs aim to enhance inmates' employability and facilitate their reintegration into society .(Jordan Times)
Health and Well-being
All inmates are covered by health insurance and receive medical care in partnership with the Ministry of Health. The introduction of the "Hakim" electronic medical system at selected centers has significantly enhanced the quality of health services. Additionally, the Addiction Treatment Centre expanded its capacity to accommodate 60 inmates in 2024, focusing on individuals serving sentences for drug-related offenses .(Jordan Times)
Education and Cultural Programs
The centers offer formal education through four accredited schools under the Ministry of Education. Inmates also participate in cultural and recreational activities, including Quran memorization, sports competitions, library access, theater performances, and educational film screenings .(Jordan Times)
⚖️ Challenges and Areas for Improvement
Overcrowding
Despite efforts to address overcrowding, Jordan's correctional facilities remain overburdened. In 2020, the number of inmates exceeded the legal capacity by over 4,000 individuals. This situation has led to inadequate health services, poor ventilation, and insufficient sanitation, as well as improper placement that puts low-level criminals alongside serious offenders .(Jordan News, Asia Times)
Recidivism and Employment Challenges
A 2021 study revealed that 50.4% of surveyed inmates attributed repeat offenses to a lack of job opportunities, while 36.4% cited continued associations with negative influences post-release. Additionally, 54.7% of inmates reported issues with substance abuse, and 20% of crimes were attributed to poverty .(Jordan Times, Jordan Times)
Accountability and Transparency
Human rights organizations have raised concerns about the accountability mechanisms within Jordan's correctional system. There have been reports of torture and ill-treatment, with insufficient mechanisms to hold officials accountable or provide redress to victims. The lack of transparency and responsiveness to prisoner complaints indicates a need for reform in this area .(HRW)
✅ Conclusion
Jordan's penological landscape reflects a commitment to rehabilitation and reintegration, with significant investments in vocational training, health services, and educational programs. However, challenges such as overcrowding, limited post-release support, and concerns about accountability underscore the need for continued reforms to ensure a fair and effective correctional system.
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