IPC Section 330
🔹 IPC Section 330 – Voluntarily causing hurt to extort property, or to constrain to an illegal act
Text of the Section:
“Voluntarily causing hurt on provocation, or with intent to extort property, or to constrain to an illegal act:
Whoever voluntarily causes hurt to any person—
(a) on provocation, or
(b) with intent to extort from that person or any other person any property, or
(c) to constrain any person to do any illegal act,
shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both.”**
🔍 Key Elements Explained:
Voluntarily causing hurt:
The person intentionally causes hurt (injury or bodily pain) to another.
Hurt here means any kind of bodily pain, disease, or infirmity caused to a person.
On provocation, or with intent:
The hurt is caused either:
On provocation (in response to some provocation) OR
With intent to extort property (force someone to give property/money by causing hurt) OR
To constrain a person to do any illegal act (force someone to do something unlawful).
Purpose:
The hurt is not accidental but done with a purpose:
To punish due to provocation, OR
To force someone to give property (extortion), OR
To compel illegal actions.
Punishment:
Imprisonment for up to 3 years, or
Fine, or
Both.
⚖️ Nature of the Offence:
Type: Criminal offence
Cognizable: Yes (police can investigate without magistrate’s permission)
Bailable: Usually bailable, but depends on circumstances
Triable by: Magistrate of the first class or sessions court (depending on the severity)
🧠 Example to Understand
Provocation: Person A insults Person B, and in anger, Person B causes hurt to Person A.
Extortion: Person A threatens to hurt Person B unless Person B hands over money. Person A then causes hurt to force the payment.
Constraint to illegal act: Person A causes hurt to Person B to force B to commit theft.
In all these cases, Section 330 applies because the hurt is caused voluntarily and with one of the specified intents.
⚖️ Distinction from Related Sections
Section 324 – Voluntarily causing hurt by dangerous weapons or means (broader; not necessarily for extortion/constraint)
Section 326 – Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by dangerous weapons (more serious injury)
Section 385 – Extortion by threat of injury (Section 330 deals with actual hurt caused)
Section 307 – Attempt to murder (more serious)
📌 Summary Table
| Element | Details |
|---|---|
| Act | Voluntarily causing hurt |
| Intent | On provocation OR to extort property OR to constrain to illegal act |
| Punishment | Up to 3 years imprisonment, or fine, or both |
| Cognizable | Yes |
| Bailable | Generally yes |
| Triable by | Magistrate or Sessions Court |
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