IPC Section 184
IPC Section 184 — Obstructing public servant in the discharge of public functions
Text of Section 184 (Simplified):
Whoever knowingly obstructs any public servant in the discharge of his public functions shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to one month, or with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees, or with both.
Explanation:
1. Who is involved?
Offender: Any person who obstructs.
Victim: A public servant—someone performing official public duties.
2. What does "obstruct" mean?
To prevent, hinder, or delay a public servant from carrying out their duties.
It can be through physical obstruction, verbal threats, or any act that makes it difficult for them to perform their functions.
3. What are "public functions"?
Any official duty or task a public servant is supposed to perform in their official capacity.
Examples: Police investigating a case, municipal officer conducting inspections, government official implementing schemes, etc.
4. Knowledge required:
The offender must knowingly obstruct the public servant. Accidental obstruction or without knowledge is not punishable.
5. Punishment:
Simple imprisonment: Up to 1 month
Fine: Up to ₹500
Or both
6. Difference from related sections:
| Section | Description |
|---|---|
| 184 IPC | Obstructing public servant knowingly, minor punishment (up to 1 month or fine ₹500) |
| 186 IPC | Obstructing or resisting a public servant in discharge of duty, heavier punishment (up to 3 months or fine or both) |
| 353 IPC | Assault or use of criminal force to deter a public servant from duty, more serious with up to 2 years imprisonment |
7. Example:
If a government official visits a site for inspection and someone knowingly blocks their way or refuses to cooperate, it is obstruction under Section 184.
But if the person physically attacks or uses force, more serious charges like 353 or 186 IPC will apply.
Summary:
Section 184 IPC punishes a person who knowingly obstructs a public servant from doing their lawful public duty, with a light penalty.
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