Section 234 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, (BSA), 2023
It appears there’s a bit of confusion: Section 234 is not part of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA), which comprises Sections 1–170 (en.wikipedia.org). Instead, Section 234 belongs to the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS)—India’s updated criminal procedure code (en.wikipedia.org).
📌 What Section 234 BNSS Covers: “The Charge”
According to BNSS Chapter 18, Section 234 deals with the form and content of the charge:
It outlines how charges must be framed in court—detailing the allegations against the accused, referencing relevant statutory provisions, time, place, and nature of the offence.
This ensures the accused clearly understands the case they must defend.
BNSS Chapter 18 spans Sections 234–247, all of which govern charges and joinder of offences .
Why This Matters
In criminal procedure, correctly framing the charge is crucial—it sets the parameters of the trial and ensures the accused’s right to a fair defence.
Although charges are not part of the Evidence Act (BSA), they fundamentally link to evidence rules, since they define the facts the prosecution needs to prove.
✅ In Summary
BSA (Evidence Act): Sections 1–170 — governs the law of evidence.
BNSS (Criminal Procedure Act): Section 234 belongs here, not BSA, and prescribes the format and clarity required for charges in criminal trials.
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