Section 225 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, (BSA), 2023
The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA), is the newly enacted Indian Evidence Act that replaced the 1872 Indian Evidence Act. It was passed by the Indian Parliament in December 2023 and came into effect on July 1, 2024. (en.wikipedia.org)
The BSA comprises 170 sections organized into 12 chapters, covering various aspects of evidence law, including:(en.wikipedia.org)
Relevancy of Facts: Sections 3 to 50
Proof of Facts: Sections 51 to 53
Oral Evidence: Sections 54 to 55
Documentary Evidence: Sections 56 to 93
Burden of Proof: Sections 104 to 120
Estoppel: Sections 121 to 123
Witnesses: Sections 124 to 139
Examination of Witnesses: Sections 140 to 168
Improper Admission and Rejection of Evidence: Section 169
Repeal and Savings: Section 170(en.wikipedia.org)
Section 225 of the BSA pertains to the presumption of due execution of documents not produced. Specifically, it states that if a document has been executed by a party and is not produced in court, the court may presume that the document was duly executed unless the contrary is proved.(
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