Section 299 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, (BSA), 2023
I apologize for any confusion earlier. Upon further research, I have found that Section 299 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, pertains to the relevancy of facts forming part of the same transaction.
Section 299: Relevancy of Facts Forming Part of Same Transaction
This section establishes that facts which, though not directly in issue, are so connected with a fact in issue or a relevant fact as to form part of the same transaction, are relevant. This applies whether these facts occurred at the same time and place or at different times and places.(indiankanoon.org)
Key Points:
Connection to Main Fact: The facts must be closely connected to the main fact in issue, forming part of the same transaction.
Same or Different Times and Places: The facts can have occurred at the same time and place or at different times and places.(indiankanoon.org)
Illustrations:
Murder Case: If A is accused of murdering B by beating him, any statements or actions by A, B, or bystanders during or immediately before or after the beating are relevant facts.(indiankanoon.org)
Waging War Against Government: If A is accused of waging war against the Government of India by participating in an armed insurrection involving property destruction, troop attacks, and jail breaks, the occurrence of these facts is relevant, even if A was not present at all of them.(indiankanoon.org)
Libel Case: If A sues B for libel contained in a letter forming part of a correspondence, letters between the parties related to the subject out of which the libel arose and forming part of the correspondence are relevant facts, even if they do not contain the libel itself.
Delivery of Goods: In a case questioning whether certain goods ordered from B were delivered to A, the goods were delivered to several intermediate persons successively. Each delivery is a relevant fact.
This section ensures that all facts forming part of a transaction, even if not directly in issue, are considered relevant and admissible in court, provided they are closely connected to the main fact in issue.
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