IPC Section 64
📘 Text of Section 64 IPC:
“Abettor when liable to punishment”
When an act is made punishable by this Code, the person who abets the doing of that act, whether the act is done in consequence of the abetment or not, is liable to be punished with the punishment provided for the act.
✅ Detailed Explanation:
1. Who Is an Abettor?
An abettor is someone who instigates, encourages, aids, or assists another person to commit a crime.
Abetment can be by words, actions, or any means that cause or encourage the commission of an offense.
2. What Does Section 64 Say?
If a particular act is made punishable under the IPC (i.e., it is a criminal offense), then the person who abets that act is also punishable.
It does not matter whether the act actually happened or not. The abettor is liable even if the crime is not completed, as long as the abetment took place.
3. Key Points:
Punishment Equality: The abettor is liable to the same punishment as the person who actually commits the offense.
No Need for Completion: The offense need not be completed for the abettor to be punished; the abetment itself is punishable.
This section highlights the law’s view that encouraging or helping a crime is as serious as committing the crime itself.
4. Examples:
A person encourages or plans a theft but the theft does not happen — they can still be punished for abetment.
Someone helps by providing tools or information for a robbery — they are an abettor and liable for the crime.
A person incites others to commit an unlawful assembly — liable for abetment.
5. Legal Importance:
This section helps expand the scope of criminal liability beyond the principal offender.
It acts as a deterrent for those who support, encourage, or facilitate crimes.
It also helps law enforcement hold conspirators and accomplices accountable.
✅ Summary:
Section 64 IPC states that when an act is punishable under the IPC, the person who abets (instigates, aids, or encourages) that act is also liable to the same punishment, regardless of whether the act was actually carried out or not.
If you want, I can explain related sections like Section 107 (abetment) or how the law distinguishes
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