Section 346 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023
1. English Language kya hai?
English duniya ki sabse zyada boli jaane wali languages mein se ek hai. Yeh ek Germanic language hai jo pehle Britain mein develop hui. Aaj English international communication, business, education, science, technology, aur entertainment mein bahut important role play karti hai.
2. English ke parts kya hain?
English language ko samajhne ke liye humein uske different parts ko samajhna hoga:
a) Grammar (Vyakaran)
Grammar rules hain jo batate hain ki words ko sentences mein kaise use karna hai. English grammar ke kuch important parts hain:
Nouns (Sangya): Log, jagah, cheez ya idea ke naam, jaise - boy, school, pen, happiness.
Pronouns (Sarvanaam): Nouns ki jagah use hone wale words, jaise - he, she, it, they.
Verbs (Kriya): Action ya state dikhane wale shabd, jaise - run, eat, is.
Adjectives (Visheshan): Nouns ko describe karne wale words, jaise - big, red, beautiful.
Adverbs (Kriya Visheshan): Verbs, adjectives, ya dusre adverbs ko modify karte hain, jaise - quickly, very, well.
Prepositions (Sambandhbodhak): Position ya relation dikhate hain, jaise - in, on, under.
Conjunctions (Sanyojak): Do ya zyada words, phrases, ya clauses ko jodne ke liye, jaise - and, but, because.
Interjections (Vismayadi Bodhak): Emotion ya feeling express karte hain, jaise - Wow!, Oh no!.
3. Sentence Structure (Vakya Rachna)
English mein sentences generally Subject + Verb + Object ke format mein bante hain.
Example:
I (subject) eat (verb) apples (object).
She (subject) is reading (verb) a book (object).
4. Tenses (Kaal)
Tenses batate hain ki action kab hua: past (bhootkal), present (vartamaan), ya future (bhavishya).
Present: I eat, She runs
Past: I ate, She ran
Future: I will eat, She will run
5. Vocabulary (Shabdavali)
English mein words ki bahut badi variety hoti hai. English words ka origin kai languages se hua hai jaise Latin, French, German, Greek, etc. English words ko samajhna aur use karna bahut important hota hai.
6. Reading and Writing
English padhna aur likhna dono skills develop karni hoti hain. Reading se aapki comprehension improve hoti hai aur writing se aap apne thoughts achhi tarah express kar sakte hain.
7. Importance of English
International Language: Business, science, technology, aviation, diplomacy sab mein use hoti hai.
Internet and Media: Internet ka zyada content English mein hai. Movies, music, books, news bhi mostly English mein milte hain.
Education: Kai universities aur research papers English mein hote hain.
8. Kaise English seekhen?
Rozana English padhna (news, stories)
English mein likhne ki practice karna
English bolne ki koshish karna, mistakes se darna nahi
Grammar aur vocabulary par dhyan dena
English movies, shows dekhna aur songs sunna
Summary:
English ek global language hai jo communication ke liye bahut zaruri hai. Uska grammar, vocabulary, aur sentence structure samajhna bahut important hai. Regular practice se aap English mein expert ban sakte hain.
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