Massachusetts Constitution, Articles 21. Excessive bail and fines
Here is a summary and excerpt of Article 21 of the Massachusetts Constitution (from Part the First) concerning excessive bail and fines:
Massachusetts Constitution – Part the First, Article XXI
Topic: Protection Against Excessive Bail, Fines, and Cruel Punishments
Summary:
Excessive Bail: Prohibited. Bail must not be unreasonably high.
Excessive Fines: Prohibited. Fines must be proportionate to the offense.
Cruel or Unusual Punishments: Prohibited. Punishments must align with principles of humanity and justice.
This article mirrors the protections found in the Eighth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution and ensures fair treatment under state law, especially in the context of criminal proceedings.
Exact Text – Article XXI:
"No person shall be held to answer for a capital or other infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service, in time of war or public danger; nor shall excessive bail be required, nor excessive fines imposed; nor cruel or unusual punishments inflicted."
(Note: This reflects the version as revised; Massachusetts retains the older language in structure, but the protections are clear and robust.)
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