Article 425 of the Costitution of India with Case law
Here is a detailed explanation of Article 425 of the Constitution of India, along with relevant case law references:
📜 Article 425 – Constitution of India
Text of Article 425:
"The provisions of this Constitution relating to the services of the Union shall apply to the All-India Services."
✅ Meaning and Scope:
Article 425 ensures that:
The rules and provisions that apply to Union civil services also apply to the All-India Services.
It provides constitutional backing to the administration, regulation, and discipline of All-India Services like:
Indian Administrative Service (IAS)
Indian Police Service (IPS)
Indian Forest Service (IFS)
🧾 Background:
All-India Services are common to both the Union and the States.
They are governed under Article 312 (creation of All-India Services).
Article 425 makes it clear that service rules applicable to Union services will also be valid for All-India Services to ensure uniformity and integrity in service conditions.
⚖️ Relevant Case Laws:
1. Union of India v. S.L. Dutta (1991)
Citation: AIR 1991 SC 363
Issue: Whether disciplinary proceedings against an IAS officer were valid under Union service rules.
Held: The Supreme Court upheld that service rules applicable to Union services were validly applied to IAS officers.
Relevance to Article 425: Reinforced that Union rules can be constitutionally extended to All-India Services.
2. T.N. Seshan v. Union of India (1995)
Citation: AIR 1995 SC 813
Context: Powers of constitutional functionaries and service conditions.
Held: The Court recognized the distinct but shared responsibilities in All-India Services functioning.
Relevance: Article 425 ensures constitutional alignment of service rules.
3. E.P. Royappa v. State of Tamil Nadu (1974)
Citation: AIR 1974 SC 555
Issue: Arbitrary transfer of an IAS officer.
Held: Introduced the concept of equality and non-arbitrariness in service law.
Relevance: Although not directly citing Article 425, it underscores the importance of service rules applied uniformly.
🔗 Related Constitutional Articles:
| Article | Subject |
|---|---|
| Article 309 | Recruitment and conditions of service of persons serving the Union or a State |
| Article 310 | Tenure of office of persons serving the Union or a State |
| Article 311 | Dismissal, removal, or reduction in rank of persons employed in civil capacities |
| Article 312 | Creation of All-India Services |
| Article 425 | Application of Union service provisions to All-India Services |
📘 Conclusion:
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| Purpose | To apply Union service rules to All-India Services |
| Ensures | Uniform service conditions, governance, and discipline |
| Judicial backing | Courts have upheld this application in various rulings |
| Supports | Central control and national integration of services |
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