Constitutional Law at Bhutan
In Bhutan, Constitutional Law is based on the Constitution of the Kingdom of Bhutan, which was adopted on July 18, 2008. It marked a historic shift from absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy and established Bhutan as a sovereign, democratic constitutional monarchy.
Here are some key points about Bhutan's Constitutional Law:
Supreme Law: The Constitution is the supreme law of Bhutan. Any law inconsistent with it is considered void.
Separation of Powers: It clearly defines the separation of powers between the Executive, Legislative, and Judiciary.
The King: The Druk Gyalpo (King of Bhutan) remains a revered figure but his powers are now constitutional and limited by the law. He must act in accordance with the Constitution.
Fundamental Rights and Duties: The Constitution guarantees a range of fundamental rights to its citizens, including the right to life, liberty, equality, freedom of speech, and religion.
Democratic Governance: Bhutan has a parliamentary democracy with an elected National Assembly and National Council.
Judiciary: The Judiciary is independent and the Supreme Court is the highest court.
Environmental Protection: Bhutan’s Constitution uniquely mandates that a minimum of 60% of Bhutan’s total land must remain under forest cover at all times.
Cultural Preservation: The Constitution emphasizes the preservation and promotion of Bhutan’s rich cultural heritage and traditions.
Important institutions under Constitutional Law in Bhutan include:
The Supreme Court of Bhutan
The High Court
Dzongkhag and Dungkhag Courts (District and Sub-District courts)
Anti-Corruption Commission
Royal Audit Authority
Election Commission
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