Code of Federal Regulations Title 31 - Money and Finance: Treasury
Title 31 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) is titled "Money and Finance: Treasury." It contains the codified United States federal laws and regulations related to money, finance, and the various functions of the Department of the Treasury. This is a very broad and important title, covering everything from the minting of currency to combating financial crimes and implementing economic sanctions.
The regulations within Title 31 are issued by numerous agencies and offices that fall under the umbrella of the Department of the Treasury, as well as some inter-agency bodies.
Here's a breakdown of the key regulatory entities and the types of topics they cover within Title 31:
I. Subtitle A—Office of the Secretary of the Treasury (Parts 0-50):
These parts often cover general administrative rules, policies, and procedures applicable across the Department of the Treasury or related to its overall functions. Examples might include:
Official designations and delegations of authority.
Government-wide debarment and suspension.
Drug-free workplace requirements.
Nondiscrimination regulations for Treasury-funded programs.
Rules related to the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) or other financial stability initiatives.
The Terrorism Risk Insurance Program.
II. Chapter I—Monetary Offices, Department of the Treasury (Parts 51-199):
This chapter deals with fundamental aspects of U.S. currency and coinage.
Part 56: Domestic Gold and Silver Operations.
Part 82: 5-Cent and One-Cent Coin Regulations.1
Part 91: Regulations Governing Conduct in or on the Bureau of the Mint Buildings and Grounds.2
Part 92: United States Mint Operations and Procedures.3
Part 100: Exchange of Paper Currency and Coin.4
Part 101: Mitigation of Forfeiture of Counterfeit 5Gold Coins.
III. Chapter II—Fiscal Service, Department of the Treasury (Parts 200-399):
The Fiscal Service manages the government's finances, including public debt, payments, and collections.
Parts 202-225: Rules related to financial management service, including warrants, checks, and deposits.
Parts 300-375: Regulations concerning U.S. Treasury securities, such as Savings Bonds (e.g., Series EE, HH, I), Treasury Bills, Notes, and Bonds. This includes rules on issuance, transfer, payment, and replacement of lost securities.
Parts 380-391: Regulations related to the U.S. Debt Collection Improvement Act of 1996 and debt collection from federal employees.
IV. Chapter IV—Secret Service, Department of the Treasury (Parts 400-499):
While often associated with the Department of Homeland Security now for protection, the Secret Service originated under the Treasury and still has some regulations under Title 31 related to its financial crime enforcement functions.
Part 403: Authorization of Banks and U.S. Post Offices to Deliver Counterfeit Obligations.
Part 405: Illustration of Savings Bonds.
Part 407: Regulations Governing Conduct in the Treasury Building and Treasury Annex.
V. Chapter V—Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC), Department of the Treasury (Parts 500-599):
This is a highly significant and frequently referenced chapter. OFAC administers and enforces economic and trade sanctions based on U.S. foreign policy and national security goals. These sanctions target foreign countries, terrorists, international narcotics traffickers, those engaged in proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, and other threats to U.S. national security, foreign policy or economy.
Parts 501-599: Each part typically corresponds to a specific sanctions program (e.g., Iranian Transactions and Sanctions Regulations, Global Magnitsky Sanctions Regulations, Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act, Venezuelan Sanctions Regulations, North Korea Sanctions Regulations, Cuban Assets Control Regulations). These parts detail who is sanctioned, what activities are prohibited, and how to apply for licenses for otherwise prohibited transactions.
VI. Chapter VI—Bureau of Engraving and Printing, Department of the Treasury (Parts 600-699):
Rules related to the production of U.S. currency and other security documents.
VII. Chapter VII—Federal Law Enforcement Training Center, Department of the Treasury (Parts 700-799):
Regulations for the training of federal law enforcement personnel.
VIII. Chapter VIII—Office of Investment Security, Department of the Treasury (Parts 800-899):
This chapter specifically deals with the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS), which reviews certain foreign investments in the U.S. for national security concerns.
Part 800: Regulations Pertaining to Certain Investments in the United States by Foreign Persons.
Part 802: Regulations Pertaining to Certain Transactions by Foreign Persons Involving Real Estate in the United States.
IX. Chapter IX—Federal Claims Collection Standards (Department of the Treasury—Department of Justice) (Parts 900-999):
Joint regulations issued by the Treasury and Justice Departments regarding the collection of debts owed to the U.S. government.
X. Chapter X—Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), Department of the Treasury (Parts 1000-1099):
This is another extremely important chapter, particularly for financial institutions. FinCEN's regulations implement the Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) and other anti-money laundering (AML) laws.
Part 1010: General Provisions.
Parts 1020-1049: Specific rules for various types of financial institutions (e.g., banks, casinos, money service businesses, brokers/dealers in securities, insurance companies). These parts detail:
Customer Due Diligence (CDD) and Beneficial Ownership Requirements.
Currency Transaction Reports (CTRs): Reporting cash transactions over $10,000.
Suspicious Activity Reports (SARs): Reporting suspicious financial transactions.
Recordkeeping requirements.
Anti-Money Laundering (AML) Program requirements.
Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts (FBAR): Reporting foreign financial accounts.
International Transportation of Currency or Monetary Instruments (CMIR): Reporting movement of large amounts of currency across borders.
Special Measures for Primary Money Laundering Concerns.
Where to Find Title 31 of the CFR:
Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR): This is the most current and frequently updated online version of the CFR. It is the best resource for up-to-date regulations.
GovInfo (U.S. Government Publishing Office): Provides the official, published versions of the CFR, typically updated annually. You can find PDF versions of the printed volumes here.
Given the dynamic nature of financial regulations, especially concerning sanctions and anti-money laundering, it is crucial to always consult the most current version of Title 31.
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