Puerto Rico Constitution Article V - The Judiciary
Puerto Rico Constitution – Article V: The Judiciary
Summary:
Article V of the Constitution of Puerto Rico establishes the structure, powers, and independence of the Judicial Branch of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. It outlines the framework for the court system and guarantees the rule of law and judicial fairness.
⚖️ Key Provisions of Article V – The Judiciary:
Section 1 – Judicial Power:
The judicial power of Puerto Rico is vested in the Supreme Court and in other courts established by law.
Courts have authority over all cases and controversies arising under the laws of Puerto Rico.
Section 2 – The Supreme Court:
The Supreme Court is the court of last resort (the highest court).
Composed of a Chief Justice and Associate Justices (minimum of 4; the number may be increased by law).
Has original jurisdiction in specified cases and appellate jurisdiction in others.
The Court also oversees rules of court and the legal profession (e.g., attorney discipline).
Section 3 – Other Courts:
The Legislative Assembly may establish intermediate appellate courts, superior courts, and lower courts as needed.
These courts are organized by law to handle civil, criminal, and administrative matters.
Section 4 – Judicial Appointments:
Judges are appointed by the Governor with the advice and consent of the Senate.
Supreme Court Justices serve during good behavior (effectively lifetime tenure unless impeached or retired under law).
Section 5 – Judicial Independence and Conduct:
Judicial officers must act with independence, impartiality, and integrity.
Judges cannot hold any other public office or engage in political activity.
Section 6 – Removal of Judges:
Judges may be removed for cause, according to procedures established by law.
Impeachment procedures also apply in cases of serious misconduct.
🧭 Purpose:
Ensures separation of powers between the judiciary and other branches of government.
Guarantees a fair, impartial, and independent judicial system.
Provides structure for justice administration in Puerto Rico.
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