Idaho Constitution Article XII - Corporations, Municipal
Here is a summary of Article XII – Corporations, Municipal from the Idaho Constitution:
Article XII – Corporations, Municipal
This article governs municipal corporations (such as cities and towns) and outlines their powers, limitations, and relationship with the state.
Section 1 – Legislature to Provide for Organization
The legislature must establish laws for organizing cities and towns.
Cities and towns must be incorporated under general laws only — special laws are prohibited.
Section 2 – Local Police Regulations
Cities and towns can pass and enforce local police ordinances (laws), provided they do not conflict with state law.
Section 3 – Conduct of Municipal Elections
Municipal elections are to be regulated by general state laws.
Section 4 – Franchises
No franchise (e.g., utility rights) can be granted for more than 50 years.
Franchises must be subject to revocation for failure to comply with terms.
Section 5 – Powers Restricted
Cities and towns cannot incur debts beyond current income without a two-thirds voter approval.
They must levy a special tax to pay off any approved debt.
Section 6 – Streets and Public Grounds
Control over streets, alleys, and public grounds within a municipality lies with the city or town authorities, subject to law.
Section 7 – Liability for Injuries
Municipal corporations are liable for injuries caused by their negligence or omission (e.g., dangerous streets or sidewalks).
Section 8 – Municipal Corporations Not to Loan Credit
Municipalities cannot loan their credit, make donations, or subscribe to stock in aid of any company or individual without voter approval.
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