Massachusetts Constitution, Articles 11. Right to petition
Massachusetts Constitution – Article 11: Right to Petition
Article 11 is part of the Declaration of Rights in the Massachusetts Constitution. It affirms the right of every individual to seek legal remedy and to petition the government.
🔹 Text of Article XI (11):
"Every subject of the commonwealth ought to find a certain remedy, by having recourse to the laws, for all injuries or wrongs which he may receive in his person, property, or character. He ought to obtain right and justice freely, and without being obliged to purchase it; completely, and without any denial; promptly, and without delay; conformably to the laws."
🔹 Key Points:
Right to a Remedy: Every person has the right to seek justice for harm done to their body, property, or reputation.
Access to Courts: Justice must be:
Freely accessible (not dependent on money),
Complete (fully addressing the wrong),
Without denial or delay (timely and fair),
According to law (within the legal system).
Right to Petition: Though the word "petition" is not directly used, this article supports the right to petition the government or courts for redress of grievances.
✅ Practical Meaning Today:
This article ensures everyone has access to the legal system, forming a foundation for due process, equal protection, and the right to be heard in court.
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