Maryland Constitution Article III - Legislative Department
Maryland Constitution – Article III: Legislative Department
This article establishes the structure, powers, and procedures of the Maryland General Assembly, which is the state's legislative branch. The General Assembly is bicameral, consisting of the Senate and the House of Delegates.
🔹 Structure of the Legislature
Senate: 47 members (1 from each legislative district).
House of Delegates: 141 members (3 from each legislative district, sometimes elected at-large or by sub-districts).
Members are elected for four-year terms.
Each house elects its own presiding officer: the Senate President and Speaker of the House.
🔹 Legislative Powers
The General Assembly has the power to:
Enact laws for the state.
Levy taxes and appropriate funds.
Borrow money and approve debt.
Propose constitutional amendments (subject to voter approval).
Override the governor’s veto with a three-fifths vote in each chamber.
🔹 Sessions and Procedures
Regular legislative sessions begin on the second Wednesday in January and last 90 calendar days.
The Governor may call special sessions.
Each house determines its own rules and may punish or expel members (with a two-thirds vote).
Quorum: A majority of members must be present to conduct business.
🔹 Eligibility and Ethics
Senators must be at least 25 years old, Delegates at least 21 years old.
All legislators must be residents of Maryland and the district they represent.
Members are prohibited from holding certain other offices during their term.
Provisions exist for conflict of interest and disqualification for bribery or misconduct.
🔹 Redistricting
Legislative districts are reapportioned every 10 years based on the census.
The Governor proposes a redistricting plan, which the General Assembly may adopt, modify, or reject.
🔹 Special Provisions
Provides for local legislation and restrictions on "special laws."
Prohibits granting extra compensation after services have been rendered.
Details processes for impeachment, appropriations, and referenda on certain laws.
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