Constitutional Law at Uzbekistan
Constitutional law in Uzbekistan is centered around its 1992 Constitution, which serves as the supreme legal document of the country. Here’s a quick overview:
Adopted: December 8, 1992
System: Uzbekistan is a presidential republic where the President holds significant executive powers, but the Constitution also lays the foundation for separation of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches.
Key Features:
Sovereignty and Independence: The Constitution emphasizes Uzbekistan’s sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity.
Democratic Principles: It supports a democratic, legal, and secular state, although in practice, democracy has often been limited.
Fundamental Rights: Citizens are guaranteed a broad range of rights and freedoms (freedom of speech, religion, right to work, education, etc.).
Rule of Law: Establishes the rule of law and supremacy of the Constitution over other laws and decrees.
Structure:
Preamble
Six Parts (General Principles, Basic Human Rights and Liberties, Society and the Individual, Structure of the State Authority, etc.)
26 Chapters
128 Articles (as originally adopted, with several amendments over time)
Recent Developments:
2023 Constitutional Reforms: Uzbekistan held a national referendum on April 30, 2023, leading to major constitutional changes:
Extended presidential term from 5 years to 7 years.
Reforms to strengthen human rights protections.
Promises to build a "New Uzbekistan" focused on social reforms, economy, and governance.
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