Alabama Constitution Section 22 - Ex post facto laws; impairment of obligations of contracts; irrevocable or exclusive grants of special privileges or immunities.
Alabama Constitution – Section 22
Title: Ex post facto laws; impairment of obligations of contracts; irrevocable or exclusive grants of special privileges or immunities.
Full Text:
Section 22.
That no ex post facto law, nor any law impairing the obligation of contracts, or making any irrevocable or exclusive grants of special privileges or immunities, shall be passed by the legislature; and every grant of a franchise, privilege or immunity shall forever remain subject to revocation, alteration, or amendment.
Explanation:
This section establishes three major constitutional limitations on the Alabama Legislature:
1. No Ex Post Facto Laws
The legislature cannot pass laws that apply retroactively to criminalize actions that were legal when committed or that increase punishments after the fact.
Protects individuals from retroactive criminal liability.
2. No Law Impairing Contracts
The legislature cannot pass laws that interfere with the legal obligations of existing contracts.
This ensures stability in private agreements and protects both parties' rights.
3. No Irrevocable or Exclusive Special Privileges
The legislature cannot grant permanent or exclusive rights or privileges to individuals or groups.
Any franchise (like utility rights), privilege, or immunity given by the state:
Is not permanent, and
Can be revoked, altered, or amended at any time.
Purpose:
Section 22 is designed to:
Uphold individual legal protections.
Prevent government favoritism or monopolies.
Ensure equal treatment under the law.
Preserve contractual integrity and legal fairness.
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