Law of Evidence at Puerto Rico (US)
In Puerto Rico, the Law of Evidence is primarily governed by:
1. Puerto Rico Rules of Evidence (Reglas de Evidencia de Puerto Rico)
These are similar to the Federal Rules of Evidence (FRE) used in U.S. federal courts but with some local distinctions. Puerto Rico's rules were adopted by the local legislature and are used in civil and criminal proceedings in local courts.
Key principles include:
Relevance: Evidence must be relevant to be admissible.
Hearsay: Out-of-court statements are generally inadmissible unless they fall under a recognized exception.
Authentication: Documents or records must be authenticated before being admitted.
Witness Competency: Rules govern who may testify and how credibility may be challenged.
Privileges: Attorney-client, spousal, and other privileges are recognized.
Best Evidence Rule: Requires the original document to prove content unless exceptions apply.
2. Puerto Rico Judiciary
The Supreme Court of Puerto Rico interprets the Rules of Evidence, and its decisions shape how the law is applied in practice. Trial courts follow this jurisprudence unless the law is amended.
3. Federal Rules (Limited Application)
If a case in Puerto Rico is tried in U.S. District Court for the District of Puerto Rico, then the Federal Rules of Evidence apply, not the local rules.
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