Law of Evidence at Philippines
In the Philippines, the Law of Evidence is primarily governed by the Rules of Court, specifically Rules 128 to 133, under the Rules of Evidence. These rules guide how evidence is presented and evaluated in legal proceedings before courts in the country.
Here is a summary of key points:
📘 Overview of the Law of Evidence in the Philippines
🔹 Rule 128 – General Provisions
Definition of Evidence: Any means of proving the truth of a fact in issue in a judicial proceeding.
Only relevant evidence is admissible.
🔹 Rule 129 – What Need Not Be Proved
Facts that are judicially noticed or admitted need not be proven.
Matters of public knowledge, official acts of government, and uncontested facts may be excluded from proof.
🔹 Rule 130 – Rules on Admissibility
Relevance and competence are key.
Covers hearsay rule, exceptions, original document rule, and parol evidence rule.
Best Evidence Rule: The original document must be produced unless exceptions apply.
🔹 Rule 131 – Burden of Proof and Presumptions
Burden of Proof: Lies on the party who asserts a claim.
Covers various legal presumptions (e.g., regularity of official acts).
🔹 Rule 132 – Presentation of Evidence
Covers examination of witnesses, authentication of documents, and object evidence.
Direct, cross, redirect, and re-cross examination procedures are outlined.
🔹 Rule 133 – Weight and Sufficiency of Evidence
Discusses how evidence is evaluated.
In criminal cases: proof beyond reasonable doubt.
In civil cases: preponderance of evidence.
📜 Sources of the Law of Evidence in the Philippines
Rules of Court (1989, as amended)
Constitution of the Philippines
Statutes (like the Civil Code, Revised Penal Code)
Jurisprudence from the Supreme Court
Special laws (e.g., Anti-Violence Against Women and Children Act, Cybercrime Law)
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