General Practice Law at North Korea
In North Korea, the legal profession operates under a highly centralized and state-controlled system, reflecting the country's socialist legal framework. Lawyers are considered state functionaries rather than independent practitioners.
🧑⚖️ Legal Education and Practice
Legal Education: The Kim Il-sung University in Pyongyang is the primary institution offering legal education. Graduates typically pursue careers in academia or government roles rather than private legal practice.
Lawyers' Law (1993): This legislation outlines the roles and responsibilities of lawyers, emphasizing their duties as legal advisors and representatives for lawsuits and civil legal affairs. The law also guarantees the right to freely choose a lawyer and ensures the independence of lawyers' activities, although these guarantees are subject to state oversight and control. Law and North Korea
Lawyers' Association: The Korean Bar Association oversees the legal profession, including the qualification and disqualification of lawyers and the determination of their remuneration. Lawyers are assigned cases by the association, and their activities are closely monitored by the state. KBS World
⚖️ Legal System Structure
Court System: North Korea has a three-tier court system based on the Soviet model, comprising a Central Court, provincial courts, and county courts. Judicial affairs are handled by the Central Procurator's Office. Courts not only handle criminal and civil matters but also political cases, with political prisoners facing harsher penalties. Wikipedia
Role of Lawyers: Lawyers in North Korea act as legal representatives in lawsuits and civil legal affairs, providing legal advice and drafting documents with legal significance. They are expected to uphold fairness, objectivity, and scientific principles in their work, though their independence is constrained by state policies. Law and North Korea
🌐 Foreign Legal Practice
Foreign lawyers have limited opportunities to practice law in North Korea due to strict regulations and international sanctions. Michael Hay, a British-French lawyer, established the first foreign law firm in Pyongyang in 2004, specializing in legal and investment counsel for foreign investors, entrepreneurs, and NGOs. The firm operated until 2016 when it suspended operations due to the impact of sanctions on its business and clients.
🏛️ Legal Aid and Access to Justice
Legal aid services are not widely available in North Korea, and the concept of public defense is limited. The state's control over legal representation means that individuals facing legal issues often rely on state-appointed lawyers, whose independence and ability to provide impartial defense may be compromised.
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