Corporate Law at Slovakia
Sure! Here’s a summary of Corporate Law in Slovakia:
Corporate Law in Slovakia
1. Legal Framework
Corporate law in Slovakia is primarily governed by:
Act No. 513/1991 Coll., Commercial Code (with some parts replaced by the new Act No. 90/2016 Coll., on Commercial Companies and Cooperatives, effective since 2017).
The law regulates company formation, governance, mergers, restructuring, and dissolution.
2. Types of Business Entities
The main forms of business entities in Slovakia include:
Spoločnosť s ručením obmedzeným (s.r.o.) — Limited Liability Company (most common form)
Akciová spoločnosť (a.s.) — Joint Stock Company (public company)
General and Limited Partnerships
Sole Proprietorships
3. Company Formation
s.r.o. (LLC) formation requirements:
Minimum 1 shareholder (natural or legal person)
Minimum capital: €5,000 (minimum €750 per shareholder)
Registered office in Slovakia
Founding documents (Articles of Association)
Registration in the Commercial Register
a.s. (Joint Stock Company) formation:
Minimum capital: €25,000
More formal corporate governance (board of directors, supervisory board)
Often used by larger companies or public entities
4. Corporate Governance
s.r.o.: managed by one or more executives (managers), no mandatory supervisory board unless stipulated.
a.s.: managed by a Board of Directors and supervised by a Supervisory Board.
Shareholders hold meetings and vote on key decisions.
Directors and managers have fiduciary duties under the law.
5. Capital and Shares
s.r.o. shares are typically not freely transferable without consent from other shareholders.
a.s. shares may be publicly traded or privately held.
Capital contributions can be cash or non-cash (assets).
6. Foreign Investment
No restrictions on foreign ownership.
Foreign investors can fully own Slovak companies.
Slovakia is an EU member, which provides access to the EU single market.
7. Taxation
Corporate income tax rate is 21%.
Slovakia follows EU tax directives and has many double taxation treaties.
8. Compliance and Reporting
Companies must file annual financial statements.
Regular general meetings are mandatory.
Certain companies require audits (based on size thresholds).
9. Dispute Resolution
Corporate disputes are resolved through Slovak courts.
Arbitration is recognized and frequently used for commercial disputes.
Business Environment Highlights
Slovakia offers a stable and EU-compliant legal environment.
Efficient business registration (online options available).
Strategic location in Central Europe.
Growing economy with strong industrial and service sectors.
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