Juvenile Laws at Cameroon
Cameroon's juvenile justice system is primarily governed by the Criminal Procedure Code (CPC) of 2005, which outlines procedures and measures concerning minors involved in criminal activities.
⚖️ Legal Framework
Criminal Responsibility: Under Cameroonian law, individuals under the age of 10 are considered to lack criminal responsibility. Those between 10 and 18 years are subject to special measures, acknowledging their developing capacity for understanding and intent.
Juvenile Courts: Despite the provisions in the CPC, Cameroon does not operate separate juvenile courts. Instead, minors are tried in regular courts, which may not be optimally equipped to address the unique needs of young offenders.
🏛️ Detention and Rehabilitation Facilities
Borstal Institute Buea:Established in 1973, this institution serves as a reformatory center for juveniles aged between 10 and 18 who have committed offenses or are at risk of delinquency. It provides education and rehabilitation programs, aiming to reintegrate youths into society
Other Institutions:Additional facilities include the Centre d'Accueil et d'Observation in Douala, the Betamba Child Welfare Institute, and centers in Maroua and Bertoua. These institutions cater to juveniles requiring care, protection, or rehabilitation
🧒 Challenges and Reforms
Integration with Adult Systems The absence of a dedicated juvenile justice system often results in minors being detained alongside adults, exposing them to potential abuse and negative influences. Conditions in detention facilities can be substandard, with issues like overcrowding and inadequate resource.
Juvenile Justice Reform Program Initiated by the Center for Human Rights and Peace Advocacy (CHRAPA) with European Union funding, this program offers legal assistance, counseling, and reintegration support to juveniles. Operating primarily in the Northwest region, it aims to divert minors from the formal justice system and reduce pre-trial detention duration.
International Observations During the 2017 examination of Cameroon's report by the Committee on the Rights of the Child, concerns were raised about prolonged detention periods for minors. The committee recommended measures to expedite legal proceedings involving juveniles and ensure their rights are upheld throughout the judicial proces.
In summary, while Cameroon has established frameworks and institutions aimed at addressing juvenile delinquency, significant challenges persist. The lack of specialized juvenile courts, integration with adult detention systems, and concerns about detention conditions highlight the need for comprehensive reforms. Strengthening legal protections, expanding diversion programs, and enhancing rehabilitation services are crucial steps toward a more effective and humane juvenile justice system.
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