Juvenile Laws at Ghana
In Ghana, juvenile justice is governed by a mix of national laws and international conventions. The primary goal is rehabilitation rather than punishment. Here's a quick overview of the key laws and principles related to juvenile justice in Ghana:
Key Laws Governing Juvenile Justice in Ghana
1. The Juvenile Justice Act, 2003 (Act 653)
This is the main legislation that deals with juveniles in conflict with the law. It focuses on:
Definition of a juvenile: A person under 18 years.
Separate treatment for juveniles and adults in the justice system.
Establishment of Family Tribunals: Instead of regular courts, juveniles are tried in special courts called family tribunals.
Diversion: Encourages non-custodial measures like counseling, probation, and reconciliation.
2. The Children's Act, 1998 (Act 560)
Provides broader protection for the rights of children.
Covers issues like child labor, abuse, education, and parental responsibilities.
Emphasizes the best interest of the child in all decisions affecting them.
3. Constitution of Ghana (1992)
Guarantees fundamental human rights, including for children.
Article 28 deals specifically with the rights of children, including protection from exploitation and abuse.
4. International Conventions
Ghana is a signatory to several international agreements, including:
UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC)
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child These require Ghana to provide special protection and care for children, especially those in conflict with the law.
⚖️ Key Principles of Juvenile Justice in Ghana
Best interests of the child: Paramount in all legal proceedings.
Rehabilitation over punishment: Juveniles are viewed as capable of reform.
Right to legal representation and fair trial
Use of detention as a last resort and for the shortest appropriate time
Protection from abuse in custody
🏛 Juvenile Justice System Components
Family Tribunals: Handle juvenile cases.
Remand Homes & Correctional Centers: Special facilities for children awaiting trial or serving sentences.
Social Welfare Officers: Play a major role in juvenile cases, from arrest to rehabilitation.
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