Juvenile Laws at Romania
Romania's juvenile justice system emphasizes rehabilitation, education, and the protection of minors' rights, aligning with international standards. Here's an overview:
⚖️ Legal Framework
Criminal Code of Romania: Establishes that criminal liability begins at age 14. Minors aged 14 to 16 are criminally responsible only if they acted with discernment. Those aged 16 and above are fully criminally responsible.
Criminal Procedure Code: Ensures that minors are represented by a defense counsel from the moment formal accusations are brought against them until the final resolution of the case. It also mandates individual assessments to determine the minor's mental and moral maturity and family or social background.
🧒 Age of Criminal Responsibility
14 years:Minimum age for criminal liability
14–16 years:Criminal responsibility applies only if discernment is proven
16 years and above:Fully criminally responsible
🏛 Juvenile Courts and Legal Proceedings
Specialized Juvenile Courts Handle cases involving minors, ensuring proceedings are adapted to their need.
Child-Friendly Practices Efforts are made to ensure that judicial processes are accessible and respectful of children's rights, including the use of child-friendly interviewing technique.
🛡️ Rights of Juvenile Offenders
*Legal Representation: Minors must have legal counsel during criminal proceedins.
*Individual Assessment: Each minor undergoes an assessment to understand their personal circumstances and needs.
*Protection from Harm: Measures are taken to prevent re-traumatization during legal processs.
🛠️ Sanctions and Rehabilitation
*Educational Measures: Focus on the minor's guidance, education, and protection.
*Non-Custodial Measures: Include probation, community service, and daily assistance progrmms.
*Custodial Sentences: Reserved for serious offenses, with a focus on rehabilitaton.
🧠 Restorative Justice Initiatives
Victim-Offender Mediation (VOM: Implemented experimentally in Bucharest and Craiova to promote restorative justice practces.
🧩 Child-Friendly Justice Initiatives
Guide to Interviewing Childrn: Developed to assist professionals in conducting interviews with minors in a manner that respects their rights and well-being.
Training Progras: Ongoing efforts to train judges, prosecutors, and social workers in child-friendly justice pracices.
Romania's juvenile justice system aims to balance accountability with the rehabilitation of minors, ensuring their rights are upheld throughout legal proceeings.
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