Energy Law at San Marino
San Marino, a small and landlocked microstate surrounded by Italy, does not have an expansive energy sector like larger countries, but it does maintain legislation and regulations concerning energy in line with environmental sustainability and European standards. Here's an overview of Energy Law in San Marino:
1. Energy Sources and Supply
San Marino does not produce fossil fuels or have large-scale energy infrastructure. Most of its energy needs, especially electricity and natural gas, are imported from Italy.
Electricity: Supplied through interconnections with the Italian grid.
Natural Gas: Delivered via pipelines from Italy.
Renewables: San Marino promotes the use of solar energy (especially photovoltaic systems) in private and public buildings.
2. Legal Framework
Energy regulation in San Marino falls under broader environmental and economic development laws. Key aspects include:
Law on Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy: San Marino has adopted laws encouraging energy efficiency in buildings and offering incentives for solar energy installations.
Building Codes: Updated standards require energy performance certifications for new buildings and renovations.
Sustainability Goals: Aligned with EU climate goals, though San Marino is not an EU member. It follows similar guidelines to reduce CO₂ emissions and increase energy efficiency.
3. Regulatory Authority
Energy regulation is managed by governmental departments such as:
Secretariat of State for Territory, Environment, and Agriculture
State Company for Public Services (Azienda Autonoma di Stato per i Servizi Pubblici - AASS): Handles electricity, water, and gas distribution.
4. Recent Developments
Green Policies: Focus on reducing fossil fuel dependency.
Electric Mobility: Government initiatives to support electric vehicles and charging infrastructure.
Smart Grids and Energy Storage: Being considered in long-term strategies.
5. Challenges
Dependence on Imports: Vulnerability to external energy prices and supply conditions.
Limited Natural Resources: No domestic fossil fuel or hydropower potential.
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