Energy Law at Zambia
Here’s an overview of Energy Law in Zambia, focusing on its regulatory framework, energy mix, and development goals:
⚖️ Energy Law Framework in Zambia
Zambia’s energy sector is regulated by laws and policies designed to ensure reliable, affordable, and sustainable energy supply, with a strong emphasis on electricity and renewable energy.
🏛️ Key Legal Instruments
Energy Regulation Act, 2019
Establishes the legal framework for regulating the energy sector, including electricity, petroleum, and renewable energy.
Created the Energy Regulation Board (ERB) to oversee licenses, tariffs, and compliance.
Electricity Act, 2019
Governs generation, transmission, distribution, and supply of electricity.
Encourages private sector participation and promotes renewable energy projects.
Petroleum Act
Regulates exploration, production, and sale of petroleum products.
National Energy Policy (2008, updated)
Provides strategic direction for energy development, diversification, and efficiency.
⚡ Electricity Sector
Zambia’s electricity is primarily generated from hydropower (~85%).
The Zambia Electricity Supply Corporation (ZESCO) is the state-owned utility managing generation, transmission, and distribution.
The sector encourages Independent Power Producers (IPPs) through licensing and Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs).
Focus on rural electrification and grid expansion.
🛢️ Oil and Gas Sector
Zambia is a landlocked country with limited domestic petroleum production; it relies on imports.
The Petroleum Act regulates importation, storage, and distribution.
Efforts are ongoing to develop biofuels and alternative fuels.
🌞 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency
Zambia promotes renewables beyond hydropower, such as solar and biomass.
Feed-in tariffs and incentives encourage investment in renewable projects.
The Energy Regulation Board facilitates the development of small-scale renewable energy.
Energy efficiency is promoted through policies and programs.
🏢 Regulatory Authorities
Energy Regulation Board (ERB): Regulates tariffs, licenses, and sector compliance.
Ministry of Energy: Responsible for policy and sector oversight.
ZESCO: State-owned utility company.
Summary Table
| Aspect | Highlights |
|---|---|
| Core Laws | Energy Regulation Act, Electricity Act, Petroleum Act |
| Main Institutions | ERB, Ministry of Energy, ZESCO |
| Sector Focus | Hydropower-based electricity, renewables, petroleum imports |
| Renewable Energy Policy | Feed-in tariffs, IPP promotion |
| Market Structure | State-owned utility with private participation |
| Challenges | Infrastructure expansion, access to electricity |
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