Energy Law at Syria
Here’s an overview of Energy Law in Syria, reflecting the country’s legal framework for energy amid complex political and economic conditions:
⚡ Energy Law and Regulation in Syria
Syria’s energy sector is governed by laws focusing on oil, gas, electricity, and renewable energy, but ongoing conflicts and sanctions have heavily impacted the sector’s development and regulation.
🔹 Key Legal Framework
Law No. 15 of 2001 (Oil and Gas Law)
Governs exploration, production, and development of oil and natural gas.
Allows foreign investment under specific terms and production-sharing agreements (PSAs).
Emphasizes state ownership of natural resources with the state retaining control over contracts.
Electricity Law
Regulates the generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity.
Syrian Electricity Company (state-owned) is the main utility.
Focus on expanding access and infrastructure reconstruction after conflict damage.
Renewable Energy Strategy
Syria has a nascent renewable energy framework, aiming to develop solar and wind power.
Law No. 17 of 2015 encourages renewable energy investment, offering some incentives.
Renewable energy targets remain modest due to challenges on the ground.
🔹 Institutions
Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources
Oversees oil and gas policies, licensing, and development.
Syrian Electricity Company (SEC)
Responsible for electricity generation and distribution.
Ministry of Electricity
Regulates electricity sector planning and policy.
🔹 Energy Market and Investment
Energy market is largely state-controlled.
Foreign investment in oil and gas sector is limited by sanctions and instability.
Reconstruction efforts include upgrading damaged energy infrastructure.
Licensing for exploration and production follows strict state control.
🔹 Challenges
Armed conflict has severely damaged energy infrastructure.
International sanctions limit foreign investment and technology transfer.
Energy shortages and blackouts are common.
Renewables are underdeveloped but hold potential.
🔹 International Context
Syria is not a member of major energy organizations like OPEC (since 2011 suspended).
International relations and sanctions heavily influence energy trade and projects.
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