Cyber Law at North Macedonia
North Macedonia has developed a robust legal framework to address cybersecurity and data protection, aligning with European Union standards and international conventions. Here's an overview of the key components:
🛡️ Cybercrime Legislation
North Macedonia ratified the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime and its Additional Protocol, incorporating its provisions into national law The Criminal Code criminalizes various cyber offenses, including-
- Unauthorized access to computer systems* - Computer fraud - **Production and distribution of computer viruses - Child pornography* - Violation of personal data confidentiality - **Computer forgery Additionally, the Criminal Procedure Code outlines procedures for investigating cybercrimes, such as
- Search and seizure of computer systems* - Monitoring electronic communications - **Accessing subscriber data These legal provisions ensure a comprehensive approach to combating cybercrime while safeguarding individual rights .
🔐 Data Protection Framework
The Law on Personal Data Protection, enacted in February 2020, regulates the processing of personal data in North Macedoni. The Personal Data Protection Agency (PDPA) is responsible for overseeing compliance with this la. Key aspects include:
Lawfulness and Transparency Personal data must be processed lawfully, fairly, and transparent.
Data Minimization Only necessary data should be collected and processed.
Purpose Limitation Data should be collected for specified, legitimate purposes and not further processed.
Accuracy Personal data must be accurate and kept up to dat.
Storage Limitation Data should be kept in a form which permits identification of data subjects for no longer than necessary.
Integrity and Confidentiality Data should be processed in a manner that ensures appropriate security. The PDPA also promotes the implementation of the Strategy for the Implementation of the Right to Personal Data Protection in the Republic of North Macedonia 2025–2030, which aims t:
Ensure the autonomy and independence of the PDA Harmonize national laws with EU legislation Foster a culture of personal data protection Implement accountability tools for data controllers This strategy reflects North Macedonia's commitment to enhancing data protection and aligning with European standard.
🧠 National Cybersecurity Strategy
The National Cyber Security Strategy 2018–2022 outlines North Macedonia's approach to cybersecurity, focusing n:
*Cyber Resilience: Enhancing the ability to withstand and recover from cyber incidents.
*Cyber Capacities and Culture: Developing skills and awareness in cybersecurity.
*Combating Cybercrime: Strengthening measures to prevent and respond to cybercrime.
*Cyber Defence: Protecting critical infrastructure from cyber threats.
*Cooperation and Information Exchange: Collaborating with national and international stakeholders.
This strategy provides a comprehensive framework for addressing cybersecurity challenges and enhancing national resilience.
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