Cyber Law at Eritrea
Eritrea's legal framework for cybersecurity and data protection is currently underdeveloped, with limited legislation and institutional infrastructure to address cyber threats and safeguard personal data.
Cybersecurity and Cybercrime Legislation
Eritrea's Penal Code includes provisions that address certain cyber offenses, such as illegal access, interception, and data interference, as well as computer fraud. However, the Criminal Procedure Code does not implement procedural powers required by international standards, such as those outlined in the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime.
There is no officially recognized national Computer Security Incident Response Team (CIRT), nor is there an approved national or sector-specific cybersecurity framework for implementing internationally recognized cybersecurity standards. Additionally, Eritrea lacks a national cybersecurity strategy, a responsible agency for cybersecurity, and a governance roadmap for cybersecurity.
Data Protection and Privacy
Eritrea does not have specific legislation dedicated to data protection and privacy. There are no designated government agencies responsible for ensuring compliance with data protection regulations, and no formal procedures for individuals to lodge complaints regarding violations of their data protection rights. The lack of public awareness, limited resources, and cultural attitudes towards privacy pose significant challenges to the effective implementation of data protection laws.
Internet Censorship and Surveillance
Eritrea has been known to block access to several diaspora websites critical of the regime, as well as pornographic websites and platforms like YouTube. Self-censorship is reported to be widespread, and the government has been listed as under surveillance by organizations such as Reporters Without Borders.
In summary, Eritrea's legal and institutional framework for addressing cybersecurity and data protection is nascent, with significant gaps in legislation, enforcement, and public awareness.
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