Cyber Law at Nicaragua

31 Mar 2025 --
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Nicaragua's cyber law landscape has evolved significantly, especially under the leadership of President Daniel Ortega and Vice President Rosario Murillo. The government has enacted and amended legislation that critics argue suppresses free expression and grants authorities broad surveillance powers.

Key Cyber Laws in Nicaragua

1. **Special Law on Cybercrimes (Law 1042)*

Originally enacted in 2020, this law criminalizes the dissemination of "false or misleading information" onlin. Penalties range from two to five years in prison, with sentences increasing if the content "incites hatred or violence" or threatens national security, public health, or public order In September 2024, the law was reformed to Extend its application to social media and mobile application. Allow prosecution of individuals both within and outside Nicaragu. Enable police to conduct searches and seize data without judicial authorization in certain cases

2. **Penal Code Reforms*

Amendments to the Penal Code now allow for the prosecution of Nicaraguans and foreigners who commit cybercrimes abroa. Sentences can be as severe as 15 years in prison for offenses like spreading false information or engaging in activities deemed to undermine public order.

3. **Financial Surveillance and Remittance Monitoring*

Reforms have granted the Financial Analysis Unit (UAF) expanded powers to monitor financial transactions, including remittances and virtual asset service. This move has raised concerns about increased surveillance of personal financial activities.

⚖️ Concerns and Criticisms

Freedom of Expression Critics argue that these laws are used to silence dissent, with individuals facing prosecution for online content critical of the government.

Overbroad Definitions The laws contain vague terms like "espionage" and "security violations," which can be interpreted broadly, potentially criminalizing everyday online activities.

International Impact The extraterritorial application of these laws means that Nicaraguans abroad can also be prosecuted, raising concerns about international freedom of expression

🛡️ International Respons

Organizations such as the European Union and human rights groups have condemned these laws, viewing them as tools for political repression. The laws' alignment with international human rights standards remains a subject of concen.

📌 Summary

Nicaragua's cyber laws have transitioned from focusing on traditional cybercrimes to encompassing broad censorship measure. While the government asserts that these laws protect national security, critics contend that they infringe upon fundamental rights and freedoms.