Biotechnology Law at Turkey
Turkey's biotechnology legal framework is primarily governed by Law No. 5977 on Biosafety, enacted on March 18, 2010, and effective from September 26, 2010. This legislation establishes a comprehensive system to manage the risks associated with genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and their products, aiming to protect human, animal, and plant health, as well as the environment and biodiversity.
🧬 Key Provisions of Law No. 5977
Scope and Objectives: The law applies to all activities involving GMOs, including research, development, processing, importation, exportation, transit, transportation, preservation, packaging, labeling, and storage. It aims to prevent potential risks arising from GMOs and to ensure sustainable use of biological diversity.
Exemptions: Veterinary medical products, human medical products, and cosmetics approved by the Ministry of Health are not covered under this law.
Risk Assessment and Approval: The law mandates a risk assessment process for GMOs, which includes scientific evaluations and socio-economic assessments. A Biosafety Board, established by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, is responsible for reviewing applications and granting approvals.
Regulations and Enforcement: Detailed regulations outline the procedures for the contained use, experimental release, and commercialization of GMOs. The law imposes penalties for violations, including imprisonment and administrative fines.
📊 Current Status and Industry Impact
As of September 2023, Turkey has approved 36 GMO events, primarily for animal feed purposes. Notably, no GMOs have been approved for food use due to public concerns and regulatory constraints. The most recent approval involved a stacked corn event (NK603 × MON810), while previous approvals have been canceled or reauthorized based on ongoing evaluations.
The stringent regulatory environment has led to challenges in the agri-food sector, including increased costs and limited access to certain biotechnological advancements. Some experts have called for alignment with European Union standards to facilitate trade and industry growth.
🌐 International Commitments
Turkey ratified the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety in 2004, committing to the safe handling, transport, and use of living modified organisms resulting from modern biotechnology. This international agreement influences Turkey's biosafety regulations, promoting environmental protection and human health considerations.
🔍 Summary
Legislation: Law No. 5977 on Biosafety (2010)
Scope: GMOs and their products, excluding certain medical and cosmetic products
Regulatory Body: Biosafety Board under the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
Approval Status: 36 GMO events approved, all for animal feed; none for food use
International Alignment: Ratified the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety(
Turkey's biotechnology laws aim to balance scientific advancement with environmental and public health safeguards. The regulatory framework continues to evolve in response to scientific developments and international commitments.
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