Biotechnology Law at Chile
Biotechnology Law in Chile
Chile has established a regulatory framework for biotechnology, particularly concerning genetically modified organisms (GMOs). While the country has not ratified the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, it aligns with many of its principles. Here's an overview of Chile's biotechnology regulations:
1. Regulatory Framework
Law No. 19,300 (1994): This law, known as the Environmental General Law, serves as the foundation for environmental regulations in Chile, including those related to biotechnology.
Law No. 20,417 (2010): This law, along with Decree No. 40 (2013), regulates the environmental evaluation of GMOs. It mandates that GMOs intended for purposes other than seed production for export or research must undergo an environmental risk evaluation.
Biosafety Committee: Chaired by the Minister of the Environment, this committee oversees the evaluation of GMOs under the Ministry of Environment's jurisdiction.
2. Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety
Chile has not ratified the Cartagena Protocol. However, it aligns with many of its principles, especially concerning the environmental evaluation of GMOs. The protocol aims to ensure the safe handling, transport, and use of living modified organisms resulting from modern biotechnology.
3. Gene Editing and New Breeding Techniques (NBTs)
Chile treats plants modified through NBTs, such as CRISPR, without the introduction of exogenous DNA as conventional crops. This approach fosters agricultural innovation while maintaining biosafety standards.
4. Agricultural Biotechnology and Seed Production
Chilean farmers are permitted to propagate transgenic seeds solely for export purposes under strict regulations from the Agricultural and Livestock Service (SAG). However, the commercial cultivation of GMOs for domestic markets is prohibited. This restriction limits the competitiveness of Chilean farmers compared to their regional counterparts.
5. International Trade and GMO Imports
Chile imports GMOs for food and feed purposes. The country adheres to the Advance Informed Agreement (AIA) procedure, which is part of the Cartagena Protocol, to regulate the transboundary movement of GMOs. This procedure ensures that importing countries have the right to assess and make informed decisions regarding the importation of GMOs.
6. Research and Development
Chile has established a regulatory framework that allows for the research and development of GMOs, provided they comply with environmental risk evaluations. This framework supports scientific innovation while ensuring environmental safety.
Conclusion
Chile's biotechnology regulations aim to balance scientific innovation with environmental safety. While the country has not ratified the Cartagena Protocol, it aligns with many of its principles, particularly concerning the environmental evaluation of GMOs. The treatment of gene-edited plants without exogenous DNA as conventional crops further supports agricultural innovation.
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