Biotechnology Law at Panama
Panama's biotechnology legal framework is evolving, with foundational laws and international commitments in place, but implementation remains incomplete.
🇵🇦 Legal Framework for Biotechnology in Panama
1. Law 72 of 2001 – Cartagena Protocol Ratification
Panama ratified the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety through Law 72 of 2001. This international agreement aims to ensure the safe handling, transport, and use of living modified organisms (LMOs) resulting from modern biotechnology, focusing on protecting biological diversity and human health.
2. Law 48 of 2002 – National Biosafety Commission
Law 48 of 2002 established the National Commission on Biosafety for Genetically Modified Organisms. This body is responsible for coordinating policies and regulations concerning the management of GMOs and their derivatives to prevent risks to the environment, biodiversity, human health, and agriculture.
3. Law 287 of 2022 – Rights of Nature
Law 287 of 2022 recognizes the Rights of Nature, obligating the state to ensure the sustainable use of environmental benefits and the prevention of activities that may harm ecosystems. It emphasizes the precautionary principle and mandates compliance with international agreements like the Cartagena Protocol, particularly in regulating biotechnology and genetic modifications.
⚠️ Implementation Challenges
Despite these legislative frameworks, Panama faces significant challenges in implementing biotechnology regulations:
Lack of Implementing Regulations: The regulations to enforce Law 48 of 2002 have not been established, leading to delays in approving GMO events and a lack of clear procedures for the import, research, and commercialization of GMOs.
Inactive Biosafety Commission: The National Commission on Biosafety has not been active, with no regular meetings or approvals for GMO products.
Public Concerns: There have been consumer concerns regarding the presence of GMOs in the food supply, leading to discussions about food labeling and the need for clearer regulations.
🌐 International Commitments
Panama is a party to several international agreements related to biotechnology:
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety: Ratified through Law 72 of 2001, focusing on the safe transfer, handling, and use of LMOs.
Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol: Signed in 2011, addressing liability and redress in the context of LMOs.
Convention on Biological Diversity: Panama's participation underscores its commitment to biodiversity and sustainable use of genetic resources.
📌 Conclusion
While Panama has established a legal foundation for biotechnology, the lack of implementing regulations and an inactive biosafety commission hinder effective governance. To align with international standards and address public concerns, Panama needs to prioritize the development and enforcement of comprehensive biotechnology regulations.
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