Civil Procedure Code at Poland
Poland's civil litigation is governed by the Code of Civil Procedure (Kodeks postępowania cywilnego), originally enacted on 17 November 1964, with the most recent consolidated version published on 17 January 2024. This code outlines the procedural framework for civil cases in Polish courts, including rules on jurisdiction, pleadings, evidence, and enforcement of judgments. (Civil Procedure Code, Poland, WIPO Lex)
📘 Accessing the Code
Polish Text: The full text of the Code is available on the WIPO Lex website. (Civil Procedure Code, Poland, WIPO Lex)
English Translation: An unofficial English translation is available on Global-Regulation. (Machine Translation of "Act Of 17 November 1964, The Code Of Civil Procedure" (Poland))
⚖️ Key Features
Unified Action: The code provides for a single form of civil action, simplifying the litigation process.
Jurisdiction: It specifies the jurisdiction of courts over civil matters, determining which court has authority based on factors like the defendant's location or the subject matter of the dispute.
Pleadings: The code outlines the requirements for initiating a lawsuit, including the necessary content and format of complaints and other pleadings.
Evidence: It establishes rules for the presentation and admissibility of evidence, ensuring a fair trial process.
Appeals: The code details the procedures for appealing decisions, including the grounds for appeal and the appellate process.
Enforcement: It provides mechanisms for the enforcement of judgments, ensuring that court decisions are implemented.
🧑⚖️ Court Structure
Poland's judicial system comprises several levels of courts:
District Courts (Sądy Rejonowe): Handle most civil cases, including family law and small claims.
Regional Courts (Sądy Okręgowe): Deal with more complex civil cases and serve as appellate courts for district court decisions.
Appellate Courts (Sądy Apelacyjne): Review decisions from regional courts, primarily focusing on legal issues.
Supreme Court (Sąd Najwyższy): The highest court, overseeing the uniformity of judicial decisions and providing final rulings on civil matters.
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