How To Register a Company
✅ Types of Companies You Can Register in India
Private Limited Company (Pvt Ltd)
Public Limited Company
One Person Company (OPC)
Limited Liability Partnership (LLP)
Section 8 Company (Non-profit)
This guide focuses on registering a Private Limited Company.
📝 Step-by-Step Process to Register a Company in India
Step 1: Obtain Digital Signature Certificate (DSC)
All directors and subscribers need a Digital Signature Certificate to sign e-forms online.
DSC is issued by government-approved certifying authorities (e.g., eMudhra, Sify).
Validity: Typically 2–3 years.
Documents Required:
PAN card
Aadhaar card
Passport-size photo
Email ID and mobile number
Step 2: Apply for Director Identification Number (DIN)
DIN is a unique ID allotted to individuals intending to become directors in a company.
If applying through SPICe+ form, DIN is allotted to up to 3 directors during incorporation itself.
Step 3: Name Reservation Using SPICe+ (Part A)
File SPICe+ Part A form to reserve the company name with the Registrar of Companies (RoC).
Check for name availability using MCA’s guidelines (e.g., uniqueness, no trademark conflict).
Can propose two names in order of preference.
Name Format: [Unique Name] + [Business Activity] + “Private Limited”
Example: GreenTech Solutions Private Limited
Step 4: Fill SPICe+ Part B & Other Forms
SPICe+ Part B is for company incorporation and includes several linked forms:
SPICe+ (INC-32) – Incorporation form
AGILE-PRO – For GST, ESIC, EPFO, Professional Tax registration, and bank account
e-MoA (INC-33) – Memorandum of Association (MOA)
e-AoA (INC-34) – Articles of Association (AOA)
INC-9 – Declaration by Subscribers/Directors
URC-1 (only for converting an existing firm into a company)
Step 5: Prepare & Upload Documents
Mandatory Documents:
For Directors/Shareholders:
PAN card (mandatory for Indian nationals)
Passport (mandatory for foreigners)
Address proof: Aadhaar, passport, voter ID, or utility bill
Passport-size photo
For Company’s Registered Office:
Rent agreement (if rented)
No objection certificate (NOC) from owner
Electricity bill or property tax receipt (not older than 2 months)
Other documents:
Signed subscriber sheet (MOA & AOA)
Consent to act as director (Form DIR-2)
Step 6: Pay Government Fees & Stamp Duty
Fees depend on the authorised capital and state of registration.
Stamp duty varies by state (automatic in SPICe+ form).
Step 7: Certificate of Incorporation (COI)
Once approved, MCA issues a Certificate of Incorporation with:
Company’s CIN (Corporate Identification Number)
Date of incorporation
PAN and TAN (auto-generated)
Step 8: Open Bank Account
After incorporation, open a current bank account in the company’s name.
Provide COI, PAN, AoA, MoA, and KYC documents.
📌 Post-Incorporation Compliance
Hold First Board Meeting within 30 days.
Appoint statutory auditor.
Issue share certificates to subscribers.
File Form INC-20A (Declaration for Commencement of Business) within 180 days.
Maintain statutory registers and records.
Start filing annual returns and financial statements.
📎 Minimum Requirements to Register a Private Limited Company
| Requirement | Details |
|---|---|
| Minimum Directors | 2 (at least 1 must be an Indian resident) |
| Minimum Shareholders | 2 (can be same as directors) |
| Registered Office | Mandatory in India |
| Capital Requirement | No minimum capital required |
| DIN & DSC | Mandatory for all directors |
⚖️ Relevant Legal Provisions
Companies Act, 2013
Company Incorporation Rules, 2014
Income Tax Act, 1961 (for PAN, TAN, taxation)
GST Act, 2017 (if GST registration is opted during incorporation)
✅ Benefits of Registering a Private Limited Company
Separate legal identity
Limited liability protection
Easy to raise funds/investment
Perpetual succession
Credibility and brand trust
⚠️ Common Mistakes to Avoid
Choosing a name that’s too similar to an existing company
Not submitting proper address proof
Delay in filing INC-20A (can attract penalties)
Not maintaining books or filing annual returns
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