Competition Law at Greece
Competition law in Greece is governed by national legislation aligned with European Union (EU) competition law. The primary goal is to protect free and fair competition within the Greek market and across the EU.
🏛️ Governing Authorities
Hellenic Competition Commission (HCC)
Independent administrative authority.
Enforces competition rules, investigates infringements, and approves or blocks mergers.
Can impose fines, issue cease-and-desist orders, and accept commitments from companies.
Administrative Court of Appeals & Council of State
Handle appeals of HCC decisions.
📜 Legal Framework
Law 3959/2011 on the Protection of Free Competition (as amended)
The primary national law governing competition.
Covers anti-competitive agreements, abuse of dominance, and merger control.
Articles 101 and 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)
Directly applicable and often used in tandem with Greek law, especially in cross-border matters.
🔍 Core Areas of Regulation
Anti-Competitive Agreements (Cartels)
Horizontal (between competitors) or vertical (between suppliers and distributors).
Includes price-fixing, market sharing, and collusive bidding.
Abuse of Dominant Position
Prohibits dominant firms from engaging in exclusionary or exploitative practices.
Merger Control
Mergers and acquisitions must be notified if turnover thresholds are met.
HCC reviews to prevent significant lessening of competition.
Sector Inquiries
HCC can initiate investigations into entire sectors (e.g., telecoms, energy, food) to detect systemic issues.
⚖️ Sanctions and Enforcement
Fines up to 10% of a company’s total worldwide turnover.
Leniency programs available for whistleblowers in cartel cases.
Private enforcement is possible (damages claims by harmed parties).
Interim measures and commitments may be used to resolve cases.
📈 Recent Trends and Priorities
Increased enforcement in digital markets, energy, and healthcare.
Emphasis on consumer welfare and market transparency.
Strengthened cooperation with the European Commission and other national competition authorities.
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