Health Care Law at Serbia
Serbia's healthcare system is primarily governed by the Law on Health Insurance, which establishes a compulsory health insurance system aimed at providing universal access to healthcare services for all residents. Here's an overview of the key aspects of Serbia's healthcare law:
🏛️ Legal Framework
Law on Health Insurance: This law defines the scope of compulsory health insurance, outlining the rights and obligations of insured individuals and the responsibilities of healthcare providers. It establishes the legal basis for the National Health Insurance Fund (RFZO) to administer health insurance contributions and benefits.
Health Care Law (2019): This law re-centralized the healthcare system by transferring ownership of primary care facilities and equipment to the national level, aiming to improve efficiency and standardize healthcare services across the country. (Serbia health system information)
🩺 Types of Health Insurance
Compulsory Health Insurance: Mandatory for all citizens generating income (e.g., salaries, pensions). It covers:
Healthcare services: Preventive care, medical treatment, rehabilitation, dental services, and prescription medications.
Financial compensation: Salary reimbursement during temporary work incapacity and reimbursement of travel costs related to healthcare services.
Voluntary Health Insurance: Optional coverage that provides additional benefits beyond those offered by compulsory insurance, such as private healthcare services and enhanced standards of care. (Health insurance)
💰 Financing and Contributions
Funding: The healthcare system is primarily financed through payroll contributions, with the National Health Insurance Fund serving as the main purchaser of publicly funded health services. (Health systems in action: Serbia: 2022 edition)
Contribution Rates: All citizens generating income are legally bound to pay health insurance contributions. For those without income or who cannot be insured as family members, contributions are paid from the state budget.
🏥 Healthcare Providers and Services
Primary Care: Provided by state-owned primary health care centers, where patients are assigned a "chosen doctor" who serves as the first point of contact and coordinates further care. (Serbia health system information)
Secondary and Tertiary Care: Offered by hospitals and specialized institutions, with services ranging from outpatient consultations to complex surgeries and treatments.
Private Sector: While the public sector dominates healthcare provision, private healthcare services are available, particularly in urban areas, offering alternatives for those seeking additional options. (Healthcare in Serbia)
⚖️ Rights and Access
Universal Coverage: The system aims to provide healthcare access to all residents, with nearly 98% of the population covered. (Serbia: Health System Review - PubMed)
Equity Challenges: Despite universal coverage, disparities exist in access to care, particularly among vulnerable groups such as the uninsured, economically disadvantaged, and rural populations. (Serbia: Health System Review - PubMed)
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